olicy</span>),该<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>的内容有加密算法、<span lang="EN-US">hash</span>算法、<span lang="EN-US">D-H</span>组、认证方式、<span lang="EN-US">SA</span>的生存时间等<span lang="EN-US">5</span>个元素。这<span lang="EN-US">5</span>个元素里面值得注意的是认证方式,目前采用的主要认证方式有预共享和数字证书。在简单的<span lang="EN-US">VPN</span>应用中,一般采用预共享方式来认证身份。在本文的配置中也是以预共享为例来说明的。可以配置多个策略,对端只要有一个与其相同,对端就可以采用该<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>,并在第二个报文中将该<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>发送回来,表明采用该<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>为后续的通信进行保护。第三和第四个报文是进行<span lang="EN-US">D-H</span>交换的<span lang="EN-US">D-H</span>公开值,这与具体的配置影响不大。在完成上面四个报文交换后,利用<span lang="EN-US">D-H</span>算法,<span lang="EN-US">A</span>和<span lang="EN-US">B</span>就可以协商出一个公共的秘密,后续的密钥都是从该秘密衍生出来的。第五和第六个报文是身份验证过程,前面已经提高后,有两种身份验证方式<span lang="EN-US">——</span>预共享和数字证书,在这里,<span lang="EN-US">A</span>将其身份信息和一些其他信息发送给<span lang="EN-US">B</span>,<span lang="EN-US">B</span>接受到后,对<span lang="EN-US">A</span>的身份进行验证,同时<span lang="EN-US">B</span>将自己的身份信息也发送给<span lang="EN-US">A</span>进行验证。采用预共享验证方式的时候,需要配置预共享密钥,标识身份有两种方式,其一是<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址,其二是主机名(<span lang="EN-US">hostname</span>)。在一般的配置中,可以选用<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址来标识身份。完成前面六个报文交换的过程,就是完成<span lang="EN-US">IKE</span>第一阶段的协商过程。如果打开调试信息,会看到<span lang="EN-US">IKE SA Establish</span>(<span lang="EN-US">IKE SA</span>已经建立),也称作主模式已经完成。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">IKE</font></span><font face="宋体">的第二阶段是快速模式协商的过程。该模式中的三个报文主要是协商<span lang="EN-US">IPSec SA</span>,利用第一阶段所协商出来的公共的秘密,可以为该三个报文进行加密。在配置中,主要涉及到数据流、变换集合以及对完美前向保护(<span lang="EN-US">
FS</span>)的支持。在很多时候,会发现<span lang="EN-US">IKE SA</span>已经建立成功,但是<span lang="EN-US">IPSec SA</span>无法建立起来,这时最有可能的原因是数据流是否匹配(<span lang="EN-US">A</span>所要保护的数据流是否和<span lang="EN-US">B</span>所保护的数据流相对应)、变换集合是否一致以及<span lang="EN-US">pfs</span>配置是否一致。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">二、<span lang="EN-US"> IKE</span>、<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>配置基本步骤</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">1</font></span><font face="宋体">.配置<span lang="EN-US">IKE </span>策略(<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">policy</font></span><font face="宋体">就是上图中的<span lang="EN-US">IKE</span>策略。<span lang="EN-US">
olicy</span>里面的内容有<span lang="EN-US">hash</span>算法、加密算法、<span lang="EN-US">D-H</span>组、生存时间。可以配置多个<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>,只要对端有一个相同的,双方就可以采用该<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>,不过要主要<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>中的认证方式,因为认证方式的不同会影响后续的配置不同。一般采用预共享(<span lang="EN-US">preshare</span>)。在目前的安全路由器和<span lang="EN-US">VPN3020</span>上的实现上都有默认的配置选项,也就是说如果你新增加一条策略后,即使什么都不配置,退出后,也会有默认值的。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">2</font></span><font face="宋体">.配置预共享密钥(<span lang="EN-US">preshare</span>)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">在配置预共享密钥的时候,需要选择是<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址还是<span lang="EN-US">Hostname</span>来标识该密钥,如果对端是<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址标识身份,就采用<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址来标识密钥;如果对端是<span lang="EN-US">Hostname</span>来标识身份,则采用<span lang="EN-US">hostname</span>来标识密钥。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">3</font></span><font face="宋体">.配置本端标识(<span lang="EN-US">localid</span>)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">本端标识有<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址和<span lang="EN-US">Hostname</span>,在安全路由器上,默认的是用<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址来标识。即不配置本端标识,就表示是用<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址来标识。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">以上三个步骤就完成<span lang="EN-US">IKE</span>的配置,以下是<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>的配置:</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">4</font></span><font face="宋体">.配置数据流(<span lang="EN-US">access-list</span>)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">很容易理解,部署任何<span lang="EN-US">VPN</span>都需要对数据流所限制,不可能对所有的数据流都进行加密(<span lang="EN-US">any to any</span>)。配置好数据流后,在加密映射(<span lang="EN-US">map</span>)中引用该数据流。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">5</font></span><font face="宋体">.配置变换集合(<span lang="EN-US">transform-set</span>)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">变换集合是某个对等方能接受的一组<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>协议和密码学算法。双方只要一致即可。注意,在<span lang="EN-US">VPN3020</span>和带加密模块的安全路由器上支持国密办的<span lang="EN-US">SSP02</span>算法。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">6</font></span><font face="宋体">.配置加密映射(<span lang="EN-US">map</span>)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">为<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>创建的加密映射条目使得用于建立<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>安全联盟的各个部件协调工作,它包括以下部分:</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">l </font></span><font face="宋体">所要保护的数据流(引用步骤<span lang="EN-US">4</span>所配置的数据流)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">l </font></span><font face="宋体">对端的<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址(这个是必须的,除非是动态加密映射,见本文后面的章节)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">l </font></span><font face="宋体">对所要保护的数据流采用什么加密算法和采用什么安全协议(引用步骤<span lang="EN-US">5</span>所配置的变换集合)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">l </font></span><font face="宋体">是否需要支持<span lang="EN-US">
FS</span>(双方要一致)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">l SA</font></span><font face="宋体">的生存时间(是可选的,不配置的话有默认值)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">7</font></span><font face="宋体">.应用(激活)加密映射</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">在安全路由器上是将该加密映射应用到接口上去,而在<span lang="EN-US">VPN3020</span>上是激活(<span lang="EN-US">active</span>)该<span lang="EN-US">map</span>。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">三、<span lang="EN-US"> </span>动态加密映射技术</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">目前,安全路由器系列和<span lang="EN-US">VPN</span>系列均支持动态加密映射。什么是动态加密映射?动态加密映射所应用的环境是什么呢?我们可以从以下的一个案例中来说明动态加密映射的概念。如下图:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在上图的网络拓扑中,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">MP803</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">接入</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Internet</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的并不是宽带接入(固定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地址),而是在通过电信</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ADSL</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">拨号来获取到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地址,不是固定的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地址。这时候,对于上端</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">MP2600A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">来说,就存在问题了,回想一下前面所描述的配置步骤,在步骤六中配置加密映射的时候,需要配置对端的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">peer IP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地址,这时候怎么办呢?或许您想到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">那我每次拨号获取到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地址后,再在两端来配置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IPSec——</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">这种解决办法是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">OK</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的,只要客户或者您自己容忍每次</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">MP803</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">重新拨号后,您重新去更改配置。显然,这样方法充其量只能用来测试的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">动态加密映射就是用来解决这类问题的。顾名思义,动态加密映射,就是说,在配置加密映射的时候,不需要配置对端的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">peer IP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">地址。目前,安全路由器和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">VPN</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">系列都支持动态加密映射,但由于两者实现上的差异,导致他们在配置动态加密映射的时候存在一些不同,在后文的实际配置案例中会讲到。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>
C1</span>能够访问到<span lang="EN-US">
C2</span>。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">规划:使用<span lang="EN-US">IKE</span>自动协商密钥,<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>的参数设置,加密算法为<span lang="EN-US">des</span>、验证算法为<span lang="EN-US">sha</span>方式为预共享、<span lang="EN-US">D-H</span>组为<span lang="EN-US">group 1</span>;身份标识为<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址,以<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址作来标识预共享密钥;变换集合参数设置,隧道模式为<span lang="EN-US">tunnel</span>、协议<span lang="EN-US">-</span>算法为<span lang="EN-US">esp-des</span>、<span lang="EN-US">esp-md5</span>;不启用<span lang="EN-US">pfs</span>;在配置注意,避免配置所要保护的数据流为<span lang="EN-US">any</span>到<span lang="EN-US">any</span>。首先是在实际使用过程中,不会有这样的需求,其次,这样会让很多本来不需要加密的通信无法通信。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">具体配置脚本:</font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体"> <br/>=======================================================<br/>MP<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2600" unitname="a">2600A</chmetcnv><br/>=======================================================<br/>MP<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2600" unitname="a">2600A</chmetcnv>#sh running-</font><font face="宋体"><place wst="on"><placename wst="on">config</placename> <br/><placetype wst="on">Building</placetype></place> Configuration...done<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">Current configuration...<p></p></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">version <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">2.24.8</chsdate><br/>hostname MP<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="2600" unitname="a">2600A</chmetcnv><br/>enable password [WOWWWNXSX encrypt<br/>no service password-encrypt<br/>no service enhanced-secure<br/>ip tcp timestamp<p></p></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤<span lang="EN-US">4:</span>配置访问列表<span lang="EN-US">,</span>定义所要保护的数据流。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">ip access-list extended 1001<br/>permit ip 192.168.1.0 <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">0.0.0</chsdate>.255 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 <br/>exit<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">//</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">步骤<span lang="EN-US">5:</span>配置变换集合<span lang="EN-US">,</span>定义数据加密所使用的算法和安全协议<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">crypto ipsec transform-set tr1 esp-des esp-md5-hmac<br/>mode tunnel<br/>exit<p></p></font></span></p>
C1</span>能够访问到<span lang="EN-US">
C2</span>。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">规划:使用<span lang="EN-US">IKE</span>自动协商密钥,<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>的参数设置,加密算法为<span lang="EN-US">des</span>、验证算法为<span lang="EN-US">md5</span>,认证方式为预共享、<span lang="EN-US">D-H</span>组为<span lang="EN-US">group 1</span>;身份标识为<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址,以<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址作来标识预共享密钥;变换集合参数设置,隧道模式为<span lang="EN-US">tunnel</span>、协议<span lang="EN-US">-</span>算法为<span lang="EN-US">esp-des</span>、<span lang="EN-US">esp-md5</span>;启用<span lang="EN-US">pfs</span>,<span lang="EN-US">group</span>组为<span lang="EN-US">group2</span>。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">配置注意事项:</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>避免配置所要保护的数据流为<span lang="EN-US">any</span>到<span lang="EN-US">any</span>。首先是在实际使用过程中,不会有这样的需求,其次,这样会让很多本来不需要加密的通信无法通信。并且,<span lang="EN-US">VPN3020</span>上目前也不支持配置的数据流为<span lang="EN-US">any</span>到<span lang="EN-US">any</span>。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> VPN3020</span>本身带有<span lang="EN-US">FW520</span>的所有功能,其默认转发策略是<span lang="EN-US">deny</span>,因此,需要打开其策略。避免内网的数据无法通过<span lang="EN-US">VPN</span>访问外面。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>由于<span lang="EN-US">VPN3020</span>实现上的一个缺陷,使得在每次更改接口的<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址的时候,需要重起<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>服务(不是重起设备),而重起<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>服务会造成有关<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>的配置都丢失,因此,或者在配置好接口地址后,重起<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>的服务,进行<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>的配置;或者将<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>的配置<span lang="EN-US">copy</span>到记事本上,然后重起<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>服务后,粘贴进去。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">配置完成或者更改后,需要激活加密映射(用<span lang="EN-US">active map</span>命令)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">具体配置脚本:</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">=================================================<br/>VPN_A<br/>=================================================<br/>Building configuration...<br/>! system setting<br/>configure terminal<br/>hostname VPN_A<br/>enable password 0 mpsec<br/>mode route<br/>interface trusted ip 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0<br/>interface untrusted ip <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">1.1.1</chsdate>.3/255.255.255.0<br/>ip route 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 1.1.1.1<br/>service sshd<br/>web port 443<br/>web idle enable<br/>web idle 999<br/>service web<br/>end<br/>! log config<br/>configure log<br/>logging user stop<br/>logging delete all<br/>end<br/>! firewall config<br/>configure firewall<br/>firewall log start<br/>dnat policy permit<br/>snat policy permit<br/>ldnat policy permit<br/>access-list policy input permit<br/>//</font></span><font face="宋体">默认转发策略是</font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">permit<br/>access-list policy forward permit<br/>access-list policy output permit<br/>srr filter enable<br/>end<br/>! vpn config <p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">configure vpn<br/>//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">启动<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>服务</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">service ipsec<br/>//</font></span><font face="宋体">进入<span lang="EN-US">ipsec</span>模式</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">ipsec<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤四<span lang="EN-US">:</span>配置访问列表,定义要保护的数据流</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">access-list add ac1 permit<br/>protocol ip 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0<br/>commit<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤五:配置变换集合,定义所使用的加密算法和安全协议</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">transform add tr1 tunnel esp-des esp-md5-hmac<p></p></font></span></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">//</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">步骤六:配置加密映射,将各个组件组合在一起。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/>map add map1 untrusted isakmp<br/>match /ac1 //</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">引用步骤四中的定义的数据流</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/>transform tr1 //</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">引用步骤五中的定义的变换集合</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/>peer <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">2.2.2</chsdate>.2<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>
PPoE</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">拨号。现在要求是两个网点所挂接两个网络能够访问中心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">VPN3020</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">后面所挂接的网络(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">
C2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">规划:一些具体的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IKE</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IPSec</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">协商的参数在这里略去。这里重点说明中心</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">VPN</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">VPN_A</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)上面的规划,中心可以只配置一个动态的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">map</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">,数据流源地址为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">192.168.1.0/24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">,目的地址为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">any</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(注意,不要配置成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">any </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">any</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">),下端的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">VPN_B</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的数据流为源地址为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">192.168.2.0/24 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">目的地址为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">192.168.1.0/24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">;下端的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">MP803</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的数据流为源地址为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">192.168.3.0/24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">,目的地址为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">192.168.1.0/24</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">具体配置脚本:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <br/>=================================================================<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>
PPoE</span>拨号,同时实现上网和走</font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">NAT<br/>=================================================================<br/>configure terminal<br/>hostname VPN_B<br/>enable password 7 Z2wdXYed9yoyw<br/>mode route<br/>interface trusted ip 192.168.2.1/255.255.255.0<br/>service sshd<br/>web port 443<br/>web idle enable<br/>web idle 10<br/>service web<br/>end<br/>! log config<br/>configure log<br/>logging user stop<br/>logging delete all<br/>logging user delete all<br/>end<br/>! firewall config<br/>configure firewall<br/>firewall log start<br/>dnat policy permit<br/>snat policy permit<br/>ldnat policy permit<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">对于走<span lang="EN-US">VPN</span>的数据流,避免让其走<span lang="EN-US">SNAT</span>出去</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">snat add any 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.0/24 any filter /snat1 log permit<br/>//</font></span><font face="宋体">对于其他的数据流,都让其走<span lang="EN-US">SNAT</span>出去</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">snat add masquerade pppoe 192.168.2.0/24 any /snat2 log<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">access-list policy input permit<br/>access-list policy forward permit<br/>access-list policy output permit<br/>access-list state input enable<br/>access-list state forward enable<br/>access-list state output enable<br/>srr filter enable<br/>end<br/>! vpn config<br/>configure vpn<br/>service ipsec<p></p></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">启动<span lang="EN-US">service dynamic</span>,表示本端为动态获取<span lang="EN-US">IP</span>地址</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">service dynamic interface ppp<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">ipsec<br/>//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">定义所要保护的数据流</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">access-list add /ac1 permit<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">protocol ip 192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0<br/>commit<p></p></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">定义变换集合</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">transform add tr1 tunnel esp-des esp-md5-hmac<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">配置加密映射,注意此处选择关键字是</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">dynamic<br/>map add map1 dynamic isakmp<br/>//</span>引用所定义的访问列表</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">match /ac1<br/>//</font></span><font face="宋体">引用所定义的变换集合</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">transform tr1<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">peer <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">1.1.1</chsdate>.3<br/>life time 86600<br/>life bytes 4608000<br/>pfs 2<br/>commit<br/>exit<p></p></font></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><br/>ike<br/>//</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">定义</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">IKE</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">policy<br/>policy add 1<br/>authentication pre-share<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;"/></span>
PP</span>链路已经建立成功</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">pppoe start<br/>end<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">---</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;">后面的配置略<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">=================================================================<br/>VPN_A</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">:中心的</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">VPN<br/>=================================================================<br/>! system setting<br/>configure terminal<br/>hostname VPN_A<br/>enable password 0 mpsec<br/>mode route<br/>interface trusted ip 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0<br/>interface untrusted ip <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">1.1.1</chsdate>.3/255.255.255.0<br/>ip route 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 1.1.1.1<br/>service sshd<br/>web port 443<br/>web idle enable<br/>web idle 999<br/>service web<br/>end<br/>! log config<br/>configure log<br/>logging user stop<br/>logging delete all<br/>end<br/>! firewall config<br/>configure firewall<br/>firewall log start<br/>dnat policy permit<br/>snat policy permit<br/>ldnat policy permit<br/>access-list policy input permit<br/>//</span>默认转发策略是</font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">permit<br/>access-list policy forward permit<br/>access-list policy output permit<br/>srr filter enable<br/>end<br/>! vpn config<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">configure vpn<br/>//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">启动<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>服务</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">service ipsec<br/>//</font></span><font face="宋体">进入<span lang="EN-US">ipsec</span>模式</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">ipsec<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤四<span lang="EN-US">:</span>配置访问列表,定义要保护的数据流</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">access-list add ac1 permit<br/>protocol ip 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 any<br/>commit<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤五:配置变换集合,定义所使用的加密算法和安全协议</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">transform add tr1 tunnel esp-des esp-md5-hmac<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤六:配置加密映射,将各个组件组合在一起。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">map add map1 untrusted isakmp<br/>//</font></span><font face="宋体">引用步骤四中的定义的数据流</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">match /ac1<br/>//</font></span><font face="宋体">引用步骤五中的定义的变换集合</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US"> <br/>transform tr1 <br/>peer <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">0.0.0</chsdate>.0<br/>life time 28800<br/>life bytes 4608000<br/>//</span>配置完美前向保护</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">pfs 2 <br/>commit<br/>exit<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">进入<span lang="EN-US">IKE</span>模式</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">ike<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤一:配置<span lang="EN-US">IKE</span>的</font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="宋体">policy<br/>policy add 1<br/>authentication pre-share<br/>encryption des<br/>hash md5<br/>group 2<br/>lifetime 28800<br/>commit<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤二<span lang="EN-US">:</span>配置预共享密钥</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">key preshare ip <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">0.0.0</chsdate>.0 keystring maipu<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤三<span lang="EN-US">:</span>配置本地标识</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">localid ip <chsdate wst="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="12" year="1899">1.1.1</chsdate>.3<br/>exit<p></p></font></span></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">//</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">步骤七;启用该</font><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">map<br/>active map map1<br/>end<br/>! user config<br/>-----</span>以下的配置略<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">配置总结</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">常见的配置失误:</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/><font face="宋体">1</font></span><font face="宋体">.<span lang="EN-US"> </span>现象:一端发起协商后,另一端没有任何响应。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">可能的原因:</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>检查发起协商的数据流是否匹配所定义的要保护的数据流;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>检查路由器上是否有默认路由或者到远端局域网段的路由;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>检查加密映射(<span lang="EN-US">map</span>)是否已经应用到接口上去;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>检查两端的<span lang="EN-US">peer</span>地址是否配置正确,确保两个<span lang="EN-US">VPN</span>网关本身能够互通;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>检查预共享密钥是否已经配置;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>如果发起协商的一端是路由器,对端是<span lang="EN-US">VPN3020</span>,检查是否配置了<span lang="EN-US">crypto isakmp peer ip-address A.B.C.D</span>,该命令的含义是以野蛮模式发起协商,而目前<span lang="EN-US">VPN3020</span>上尚不支持野蛮模式。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>如果其中有台<span lang="EN-US">VPN</span>设备是<span lang="EN-US">VPN3020</span>,确保在配置的时候是先配置了接口地址,然后启动<span lang="EN-US">service ipsec</span>命令的,见案例<span lang="EN-US">3</span>中的配置注意事项。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">.<span lang="EN-US"> </span>现象:<span lang="EN-US">IKE SA</span>(又称第一阶段主模式)协商不成功</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">可能的原因:</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>检查两端是否有一致的<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>,如果规划使用预共享认证方式,确保双方一致的<span lang="EN-US">policy</span>中的认证方式为预共享;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>预共享密钥是否配置是否一致;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">.<span lang="EN-US"> </span>现象:<span lang="EN-US">IKE SA</span>协商成功了,但是快速模式协商不成功,<span lang="EN-US">IPSec SA</span>无法建立</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">可能的原因:</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>两端的是否有一致的变化集合;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>两端的所要保护的数据流是否相对应;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>两端的完美前向保护参数(<span lang="EN-US">pfs</span>)是否一致;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p style="WORD-BREAK: break-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%;"><font face="宋体">.<span lang="EN-US"> </span>现象:<span lang="EN-US">IPSec SA</span>已经建立成功,但是两边的局域网中两台主机不通。</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">可能的原因:(这时候已经与<span lang="EN-US">IPSec</span>本身没有多大关系了)</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>主机上是否已经配置网关,该网关指向路由器的一个接口;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>检查两台主机上是否启用了防火墙过滤之类的软件;</font><span lang="EN-US"><br/></span><font face="宋体">ü<span lang="EN-US"> </span>数据流在<span lang="EN-US">Internet</span>上是否已经穿越了<span lang="EN-US">NAT</span>(基本可以从路由器出口的地址是否为公网地址来确定)<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p>
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